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Self-administered and Yoked Nicotine Produce Robust Increases in Blood Pressure and Changes in Heart Rate with Modest Effects of Behavioral Contingency in Rats
Experimenter-administered nicotine produces reliable increases in blood pressure and changes in heart rate. However, an extensive literature demonstrates that the effects of psychoactive drugs are dependent on whether administration is contingent on behavior. The present study assessed the cardiovas...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
2011
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3129422/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554897 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.04.018 |
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