Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete plankton system with holling Type-II predation and toxin effects

This work examines the dynamics of a discrete-time plankton interaction model, in which phytoplankton generate toxins and are vulnerable to external contamination. The model includes a Holling Type-II predation response and uses a piecewise constant argument approach to break it up into smaller piec...

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Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Abdou Al Zubaidi, Muhammad Rafaqat, Jihad Younis, Syed Tauseef Saeed
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	Taylor & Francis Group 2026-12-01
Schriftenreihe:	Journal of Biological Dynamics
Schlagworte:	Discrete dynamics Neimark-Sacker bifurcation toxin effect plankton system 92-10 92B05
Online-Zugang:	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17513758.2026.2619269
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