Comparative Assessment of Respiratory Function Parameters in Medical Students Smoking Conventional Cigarettes and Using Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

The objective: to compare the presence and severity of respiratory disorders in students smoking conventional cigarettes and using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).Subjects and Methods. Spirometry was performed using a portable spirotester USPTS-01 (assessment of forced expiratory vital c...

Whakaahuatanga katoa

Ngā taipitopito rārangi puna kōrero

Ngā kaituhi matua:	N. Yu. Lobanova, E. N. Chicherina
Hōputu:	Artigo
Reo:	Russo
I whakaputaina:	New Terra Publishing House 2026-05-01
Rangatū:	Туберкулез и болезни лёгких
Ngā marau:	хронические респираторные заболевания курение оценка функции легких спирометрия электронные сигареты
Urunga tuihono:	https://www.tibl-journal.com/jour/article/view/1963
Ngā Tūtohu:	Tāpirihia he Tūtohu Kāore He Tūtohu, Me noho koe te mea tuatahi ki te tūtohu i tēnei pūkete!