The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among Malaysian Single Electronic Cigarette Users

BACKGROUND: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study wa...

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Vydáno v:J Pharm Bioallied Sci
Hlavní autoři: Rahman, Aziz Ur, Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Nik, Jamshed, Shazia, Mahmood, Syed, Iftikhar Baig, Muhammad Ahsan
Médium: Artigo
Jazyk:Inglês
Vydáno: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
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Original Article
On-line přístup:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021063/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828359
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19
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