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The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among Malaysian Single Electronic Cigarette Users

BACKGROUND: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study wa...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Publicado no:J Pharm Bioallied Sci
Main Authors: Rahman, Aziz Ur, Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki Nik, Jamshed, Shazia, Mahmood, Syed, Iftikhar Baig, Muhammad Ahsan
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:Inglês
Publicado em: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020
Assuntos:
Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8021063/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33828359
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19
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