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Avoiding Opioids and Their Harmful Side Effects in the Postoperative Patient: Exogenous Opioids, Endogenous Endorphins, Wellness, Mood, and Their Relation to Postoperative Pain

Prescribed opioids are routinely used for many postoperative patients. However, these medications have daunting adverse effects on the body's innate pain management system - the action of the beta-endorphins. The prescribed opioids not only severely impair the function of the mu-opioid receptor...

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Pubblicato in:Hawaii J Med Public Health
Autori principali: Stephan, Bradley C, Parsa, Fereydoun D
Natura: Artigo
Lingua:Inglês
Pubblicazione: University Clinical, Education & Research Associate (UCERA) 2016
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Accesso online:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795331/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011886
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