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A Two-Day Continuous Nicotine Infusion Is Sufficient to Demonstrate Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats as Measured Using Intracranial Self-Stimulation
Avoidance of the negative affective (emotional) symptoms of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., anhedonia, anxiety) contributes to tobacco addiction. Establishing the minimal nicotine exposure conditions required to demonstrate negative affective withdrawal signs in animals, as well as understanding moderato...
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| Publicat a: | PLoS One |
|---|---|
| Autors principals: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicat: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684239/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658557 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144553 |
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