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A Two-Day Continuous Nicotine Infusion Is Sufficient to Demonstrate Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats as Measured Using Intracranial Self-Stimulation

Avoidance of the negative affective (emotional) symptoms of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., anhedonia, anxiety) contributes to tobacco addiction. Establishing the minimal nicotine exposure conditions required to demonstrate negative affective withdrawal signs in animals, as well as understanding moderato...

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Veröffentlicht in:PLoS One
Hauptverfasser: Muelken, Peter, Schmidt, Clare E., Shelley, David, Tally, Laura, Harris, Andrew C.
Format: Artigo
Sprache:Inglês
Veröffentlicht: Public Library of Science 2015
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Online Zugang:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684239/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658557
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144553
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