Opioids and clonidine modulate cytokine production and opioid receptor expression in neonatal immune cells

OBJECTIVE: Opioids and clonidine, used in for sedation, analgesia and control of opioid withdrawal in neonates, directly or indirectly activate opioid receptors expressed in immune cells. Therefore, our objective is to study how clinically relevant concentrations of different opioids and clonidine c...

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Main Authors: Chavez-Valdez, Raul, Kovell, Lara, Ahlawat, Rajni, McLemore, Gabrielle L., Wills-Karp, Marsha, Gauda, Estelle B.
Format: Artigo
Jezik:Inglês
Izdano: 2012
Teme:
Article
Online dostop:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640758/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23047422
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2012.124
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