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GENES AS INSTRUMENTS FOR STUDYING RISK BEHAVIOR EFFECTS: AN APPLICATION TO MATERNAL SMOKING AND OROFACIAL CLEFTS

This study uses instrumental variable (IV) models with genetic instruments to assess the effects of maternal smoking on the child’s risk of orofacial clefts (OFC), a common birth defect. The study uses genotypic variants in neurotransmitter and detoxification genes relateded to smoking as instrument...

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Autores principales: Wehby, George, Jugessur, Astanand, Murray, Jeffrey C., Moreno, Lina, Wilcox, Allen, Lie, Rolv T.
Formato: Artigo
Lenguaje:Inglês
Publicado: 2011
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Acceso en línea:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3216039/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102793
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10742-011-0071-9
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