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The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco: Exploring the Intricate Relationship between Smokeless Tobacco Dependence and Periodontal Status

Background: Around 50–60% of the smokeless tobacco users either place the quid or chew from one side of the oral cavity leading to localized destruction of the periodontium on chronic usage. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between smokeless tobacco dependence and periodont...

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Principais autores: Vijayalaxmi M. Kokatnur, Tazeen Dawood, Kelvin Peter Pais, Yasser Riaz Malik, Farahnaz Muddebihal, Reghunathan S. Preethanath, J Suresh Babu, C Swarnalatha, Abhishek S. Nayyar
Format: Artigo
Sprog:Inglês
Udgivet: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2026-03-01
Serier:International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Fag:
periodontal index
public health
smokeless
tobacco
tobacco use disorder
Online adgang:https://journals.lww.com/ijom/fulltext/2026/05140/the_fagerstr_m_test_for_nicotine.4.aspx
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