Co-culture with fibroblasts in stiff 3D scaffolds increases CD54 and CD140a expression on macrophages

Vascular fibrosis is a major contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular disease and is caused by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and tissue stiffening. Macrophages and fibroblasts are key regulators of this process, yet most studies have relied on non-physiological two-dimensional (2D)...

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Principais autores:	Jennessa WX Ng, Santosh TRB Rao, Emily H. Field, Kaitlyn Ritchie, Mark D. Wright, Nicholas P. Reynolds, Sean W. Cutter, Katrina J. Binger
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-06-01
coleção:	Frontiers in Immunology
Assuntos:	3D culture co-culture macrophage activation myofibroblast vascular fibrosis
Acesso em linha:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1771248/full
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