Smoking accelerates immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, neuroaxonal injury, and progressive neurologic disability. Although its etiology is multifactorial, cigarette smoking is among the most consistent modifiable environmental exposu...

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Bibliografski detalji

Glavni autori:	Meerah Khan, Ekdanai Uawithya, Joshua S. Mytych, Ismail Muwenda, Megan Reidy, Robert C. Axtell, Yang Mao-Draayer
Format:	Artigo
Jezik:	Inglês
Izdano:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-06-01
Serija:	Frontiers in Immunology
Teme:	cigarette smoking disease progression immunosenescence multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation oxidative stress
Online pristup:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1840928/full
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