Smoking accelerates immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, neuroaxonal injury, and progressive neurologic disability. Although its etiology is multifactorial, cigarette smoking is among the most consistent modifiable environmental exposu...

Πλήρης περιγραφή

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής

Κύριοι συγγραφείς:	Meerah Khan, Ekdanai Uawithya, Joshua S. Mytych, Ismail Muwenda, Megan Reidy, Robert C. Axtell, Yang Mao-Draayer
Μορφή:	Artigo
Γλώσσα:	Inglês
Έκδοση:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-06-01
Σειρά:	Frontiers in Immunology
Θέματα:	cigarette smoking disease progression immunosenescence multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation oxidative stress
Διαθέσιμο Online:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1840928/full
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