The Utility of the Electromyography and Ultrasound Guidance Combination for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection: Focus on the Added Value of Electromyography

The efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is strongly dependent on its accurate delivery to hyperactive muscles and, ideally, to motor endplate regions. Although guidance techniques such as electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound (US) improve injection precision, each technique provides only partial...

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Autors principals:	Domenico Antonio Restivo, Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Rosario Marchese-Ragona, Giovanni Castelnovo, Angelo Alito, Demetrio Milardi, Stefano Masiero, Daniele Coraci
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	MDPI AG 2026-05-01
Col·lecció:	Toxins
Matèries:	botulinum neurotoxins electromyography EMG guidance injection guidance motor endplate ultrasonography
Accés en línia:	https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/18/6/238
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