The Utility of the Electromyography and Ultrasound Guidance Combination for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection: Focus on the Added Value of Electromyography

The efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is strongly dependent on its accurate delivery to hyperactive muscles and, ideally, to motor endplate regions. Although guidance techniques such as electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound (US) improve injection precision, each technique provides only partial...

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主要な著者:	Domenico Antonio Restivo, Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Rosario Marchese-Ragona, Giovanni Castelnovo, Angelo Alito, Demetrio Milardi, Stefano Masiero, Daniele Coraci
フォーマット:	Artigo
言語:	Inglês
出版事項:	MDPI AG 2026-05-01
シリーズ:	Toxins
主題:	botulinum neurotoxins electromyography EMG guidance injection guidance motor endplate ultrasonography
オンライン･アクセス:	https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/18/6/238
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