Circular mRNA against CleanCap linear mRNA vectors: comprehensive comparison, expression, active and passive immunization

IntroductionThe mRNA platform has revolutionised vaccine technology by offering a universal, rapid, and easily scalable production process. Two main types of mRNA vectors exist—linear (cap‑dependent) and circular (cap‑independent)—each with distinct advantages. Although both vector types are continu...

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Principais autores:	Vladimir M. Vakhtinskii, Irina L. Tutykhina, Alina S. Dzharullaeva, Daria M. Grousova, Ilya D. Zorkov, Anna A. Ilyukhina, Dmitrii A. Reshetnikov, Valentin V. Azizyan, Artem A. Derkaev, Evgeniia N. Bykonia, Evgeny V. Usachev, Denis A. Kleymenov, Vladimir A. Gushchin, Inna V. Shuliakova, Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov, Maxim M. Shmarov, Denis Yu. Logunov, Alexander L. Gintsburg
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-04-01
Colecção:	Frontiers in Immunology
Assuntos:	ARCA circular mRNA circular mRNA-vaccine CleanCap CVB3 IRES HRVB6 IRES
Acesso em linha:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734751/full
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