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HIV-Helminth Co-Infections and Immune Checkpoints: Implications for Cancer Risk in South Africa

South Africa has the highest HIV prevalence globally, often co-occurring with helminth infections in impoverished regions. The coexistence of these infections leads to immunological interactions, potentially enhancing oncogenesis by upregulating immune checkpoint molecules (ICs) among other effects....

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Збережено в:
Бібліографічні деталі
Автори: Botle Precious Damane, Thanyani Victor Mulaudzi, Sayed Shakeel Kader, Pragalathan Naidoo, Zodwa Dlamini, Zilungile Lynette Mkhize-Kwitshana
Формат: Artigo
Мова:Inglês
Опубліковано: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Серія:Viruses
Предмети:
Онлайн доступ:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/451
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