Analgesic efficacy of hydromorphone in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
BackgroundAmerican alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are maintained in zoos, aquaria, and farms for educational, research, and production purposes. The standard of veterinary medical care and welfare for captive reptiles requires managing pain and discomfort under conditions deemed painful in...
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| Автори: | , , , , , |
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| Формат: | Artigo |
| Мова: | Inglês |
| Опубліковано: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Серія: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Предмети: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1520172/full |
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