Randomized-field microwave-assisted pharmaceutical lyophilization with closed-loop control
Abstract The current lyophilization technology for biopharmaceuticals and vaccine products is capital and energy-intensive, largely due to the use of indirect, conductive heat transfer. The heat removal and input in freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying are via contact between the product a...
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| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| 格式: | Artigo |
| 語言: | Inglês |
| 出版: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| 叢編: | Scientific Reports |
| 在線閱讀: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91642-4 |
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