Human amnion epithelial cells induce M2 macrophage polarisation partially via M-CSF secretion but independently of extracellular vesicles in vitro

Pregnancy requires major immunomodulatory changes, both systemically and locally, as the maternal immune system needs to be modulated to tolerate the semi-allogeneic foetus. Decidual macrophages and stromal cells, but also foetal tissues are involved in this immune tolerance, for example by inducing...

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Egile Nagusiak:	Louise Zeijlon, Snehil Budhwar, Robert Lindau, Stefan Bencina, Helen Kaipe, Maria C. Jenmalm, Roberto Gramignoli, Johanna Raffetseder
Formatua:	Artigo
Hizkuntza:	Inglês
Argitaratua:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-01-01
Saila:	Frontiers in Immunology
Gaiak:	amnion epithelial cells extracellular vesicles human macrophage immune regulation macrophage polarisation macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Sarrera elektronikoa:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1723968/full
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