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The effect of intra-articular botulinum toxin A on substance P, prostaglandin E(2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the canine osteoarthritic joint

BACKGROUND: Recently, intra-articular botulinum toxin A (IA BoNT A) has been shown to reduce joint pain in osteoarthritic dogs. Similar results have been reported in human patients with arthritis. However, the mechanism of the antinociceptive action of IA BoNT A is currently not known. The aim of th...

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Détails bibliographiques
Publié dans:BMC Vet Res
Auteurs principaux: Heikkilä, Helka M., Hielm-Björkman, Anna K., Innes, John F., Laitinen-Vapaavuori, Outi M.
Format: Artigo
Langue:Inglês
Publié: BioMed Central 2017
Sujets:
Accès en ligne:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5359943/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327134
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-0990-y
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