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The effect of intra-articular botulinum toxin A on substance P, prostaglandin E(2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the canine osteoarthritic joint

BACKGROUND: Recently, intra-articular botulinum toxin A (IA BoNT A) has been shown to reduce joint pain in osteoarthritic dogs. Similar results have been reported in human patients with arthritis. However, the mechanism of the antinociceptive action of IA BoNT A is currently not known. The aim of th...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Publicado no:BMC Vet Res
Main Authors: Heikkilä, Helka M., Hielm-Björkman, Anna K., Innes, John F., Laitinen-Vapaavuori, Outi M.
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:Inglês
Publicado em: BioMed Central 2017
Assuntos:
Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5359943/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327134
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-0990-y
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