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Gender Differences in Negative Reinforcement Smoking Expectancies

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that females may be more motivated to smoke for negative reinforcement (NR) than males. However, it remains unclear whether gender differences in smoking outcome expectancies for negative smoking reinforcement—an important theoretical and clinical target define...

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Bibliografiske detaljer
Udgivet i:Nicotine Tob Res
Main Authors: Pang, Raina D., Zvolensky, Michael J., Schmidt, Norman B., Leventhal, Adam M.
Format: Artigo
Sprog:Inglês
Udgivet: Oxford University Press 2015
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Online adgang:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4838049/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344957
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu226
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