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Abuse liability, behavioral pharmacology, and physical-dependence potential of opioids in humans and laboratory animals: lessons from tramadol
Assessment of abuse potential of opioid analgesics has a long history in both laboratory animals and humans. This article reviews the methods used in animals and in humans and then presents the data collected in the evaluation of tramadol, an atypical centrally acting opioid analgesic approved for m...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Artigo |
| Language: | Inglês |
| Published: |
2006
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943845/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497429 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.010 |
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