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Levels, Toxic Effects, and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods: A Review

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants. To date, more than 660 types of PAs have been identified from an estimated 6000 plants, and approximately 120 of these PAs are hepatotoxic. As a result of PAs being found in spices, herbal teas, honey, and milk, P...

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Main Authors: Yu-Shun Lu, Jing Qiu, Xi-Yan Mu, Yong-Zhong Qian, Lu Chen
Format: Artigo
Language:Inglês
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
pyrrolizidine alkaloids
food
PAs levels
hepatotoxicity
cytotoxicity
risk assessment
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/4/536
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