The fibularis tertius muscle revisited: comparative anatomy, developmental classification, and evolutionary-clinical implications

The fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) has long been regarded as an accessory or vestigial structure with inconsistent presence in the human population. However, recent anatomical, developmental, and biomechanical evidence suggests that FT is a functional and evolutionarily novel muscle with distinct cl...

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Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Łukasz Olewnik, Ingrid C. Landfald, Daria Domosławka, George Triantafyllou, Georgi P. Georgiev, Maria Piagkou
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Schriftenreihe:	Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Schlagworte:	fibularis tertius peroneus tertius anatomical variation fetal development tendon insertion lateral ankle instability
Online-Zugang:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1647572/full
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