The fibularis tertius muscle revisited: comparative anatomy, developmental classification, and evolutionary-clinical implications

The fibularis tertius muscle (FTM) has long been regarded as an accessory or vestigial structure with inconsistent presence in the human population. However, recent anatomical, developmental, and biomechanical evidence suggests that FT is a functional and evolutionarily novel muscle with distinct cl...

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Auteurs principaux:	Łukasz Olewnik, Ingrid C. Landfald, Daria Domosławka, George Triantafyllou, Georgi P. Georgiev, Maria Piagkou
Format:	Artigo
Langue:	Inglês
Publié:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Collection:	Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Sujets:	fibularis tertius peroneus tertius anatomical variation fetal development tendon insertion lateral ankle instability
Accès en ligne:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1647572/full
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