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The Hopelessness and Helplessness Scale: Validity and measurement invariance

This study set out to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hopelessness and Helplessness Scale (HHS), which was designed to measure an individual’s levels of hopelessness and helplessness. First, the structural validity of the scale was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The re...

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Bibliografische gegevens
Hoofdauteurs: Erdinç Duru, Murat Balkis, Sibel Duru
Formaat: Artigo
Taal:Inglês
Gepubliceerd in: Gökmen Arslan 2025-12-01
Reeks:Journal of Happiness and Health
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Online toegang:https://www.journalofhappinessandhealth.com/index.php/johah/article/view/142
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