Effectiveness of tramadol-including multimodal analgesia in spinal surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Abstract Background Multimodal analgesia (MMA) is recommended for postoperative pain management; however, studies evaluating the effect of tramadol-including MMA on numerical rating scale (NRS)-based postoperative pain levels and the length of stay (LOS) in the hospital are limited. Therefore, this...
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| Principais autores: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
BMC
2024-09-01
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| coleção: | Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-024-00381-7 |
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