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A Hybrid Observer for Cell Voltage Estimation of Modular Multilevel Converters Without Internal Voltage Measurements

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a famous topology for high-power applications due to its modularity, scalability, and superior output waveform quality. For the MMC to work, all cell voltages must be known. Therefore, voltage sensors are installed in each cell. This results in a hig...

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Bibliografiske detaljer
Principais autores: Oliver Kalmbach, Christoph M. Hackl
Format: Artigo
Sprog:Inglês
Udgivet: IEEE 2026-01-01
Serier:IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society
Fag:
Online adgang:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11430589/
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