Ammonia Stress Disrupts Intestinal Health in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> Under Seawater and Low-Salinity Environments by Impairing Mucosal Integrity, Antioxidant Capability, Immunity, Energy Metabolism, and Microbial Community

Ammonia is a key water quality factor limiting shrimp aquaculture. Intestinal health is closely associated with the nutrition, metabolism and immunity of shrimp. However, the response characteristics of the shrimp intestine to ammonia stress under seawater and low-salinity environments remain unclea...

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Detalhes bibliográficos

Principais autores:	Yafei Duan, Yuxiu Nan, Jitao Li, Meng Xiao, Yun Wang, Ruijie Zhu
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	MDPI AG 2025-11-01
Colecção:	Antioxidants
Assuntos:	shrimp intestine ammonia salinity immunity microbiota
Acesso em linha:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/11/1383
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