Inflammatory Biomarker Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Electronic Cigarette Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

<b>Background</b>: The recent rise in worldwide e-cigarette use has sparked concerns about its effects on oral health, especially regarding the increased risk of periodontal disease. Measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid can help detect early subclinical inflammation before sympto...

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Huvudupphov:	Hernan Santiago Garzon, Alejandra Baron, Sara Castillo, Nikol Fonseca, Johanna Ramírez, Diana Marcela Castillo, Yormaris Castillo, Gloria Inés Lafaurie
Materialtyp:	Artigo
Språk:	Inglês
Utgiven:	MDPI AG 2026-08-01
Serie:	Dentistry Journal
Ämnen:	electronic cigarette IL-1β IL-6 TNF-α MCP-1 gingival crevicular fluid
Länkar:	https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/14/8/472
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