Inflammatory Biomarker Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Electronic Cigarette Users: A Cross-Sectional Study

<b>Background</b>: The recent rise in worldwide e-cigarette use has sparked concerns about its effects on oral health, especially regarding the increased risk of periodontal disease. Measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid can help detect early subclinical inflammation before sympto...

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Ngā kaituhi matua:	Hernan Santiago Garzon, Alejandra Baron, Sara Castillo, Nikol Fonseca, Johanna Ramírez, Diana Marcela Castillo, Yormaris Castillo, Gloria Inés Lafaurie
Hōputu:	Artigo
Reo:	Inglês
I whakaputaina:	MDPI AG 2026-08-01
Rangatū:	Dentistry Journal
Ngā marau:	electronic cigarette IL-1β IL-6 TNF-α MCP-1 gingival crevicular fluid
Urunga tuihono:	https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/14/8/472
Ngā Tūtohu:	Tāpirihia he Tūtohu Kāore He Tūtohu, Me noho koe te mea tuatahi ki te tūtohu i tēnei pūkete!