Construction of Typical Sailing Conditions for Harbor Tugs Based on WOA-K-Means++ Clustering and Hidden Markov Models

The global shipping industry faces severe carbon emission challenges. Harbor tugs, as significant contributors to port emissions, require improved energy efficiency. However, their sailing conditions are complex and dynamic, making temporal feature characterization difficult with traditional static...

ver descrição completa

Detalhes bibliográficos

Principais autores:	Zhao Li, Wuqiang Long, Hua Tian
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	MDPI AG 2026-01-01
Colecção:	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Assuntos:	harbor tug sailing condition principal component analysis whale optimization algorithm K-means++ clustering hidden Markov model
Acesso em linha:	https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/14/3/270
Tags:	Adicionar Tag Sem tags, seja o primeiro a adicionar uma tag!