The basics of conditioning models: stability of marginal and conditional achievement to model specification

Abstract This study investigates how different conditioning model specifications affect the stability of marginal and subgroup achievement distributions in large-scale assessments. Through both a simulation and an empirical example reflecting typical operational designs, we examine the robustness of...

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Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Leslie Rutkowski, David Rutkowski
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	SpringerOpen 2026-01-01
Schriftenreihe:	Large-scale Assessments in Education
Schlagworte:	Large-scale assessment Complex assessment design Latent regression Conditioning model Achievement estimation
Online-Zugang:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00270-x
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