Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) as a Phytochemical-Based Natural Product Exhibiting Opioid-like Analgesic Effects with Reduced Tolerance and Dependence Liability via TLR4-Associated Neuroimmune Modulation
Kratom (<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i>) is a botanical candidate for pain management with potentially reduced opioid-related risks, partly through modulation of neuroimmune pathways involving Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of kratom ethanol extract...
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| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | Inglês |
| Publicado em: |
MDPI AG
2026-04-01
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| coleção: | Molecules |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/9/1428 |
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