Multi-source data–driven prediction of cold-region slope failure using an SSA-PNN optimized stepwise reduction approach

Abstract Cold-region slopes are highly susceptible to instability due to freeze–thaw–creep coupling, which gradually degrades the mechanical properties of geomaterials and accelerates the formation of slip surfaces. To address the limitations of conventional strength reduction methods that fail to c...

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Bibliografische Detailangaben

Hauptverfasser:	Juan Gao, Qian Gao
Format:	Artigo
Sprache:	Inglês
Veröffentlicht:	Nature Portfolio 2025-10-01
Schriftenreihe:	Scientific Reports
Schlagworte:	Cold-region slope Freeze–thaw cycles Creep Stepwise reduction method Sparrow search algorithm Probabilistic neural network
Online-Zugang:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-21824-7
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