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Central and Peripheral Sensitization in Temporomandibular Disorders: Proposed Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Therapy

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common musculoskeletal chronic orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization within trigeminal nociceptive pathways, manifesting as mechanical allodynia and functional impairment. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been explored as a...

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Sparad:
Huvudupphov: Basit Ali Chaudhry, Christopher L. Robinson, Edoardo Caronna, Freda Dodd-Glover, Amrittej Singh Virk, Mario Fernando Prieto Peres, Hope L. O’Brien, Marcela Romero-Reyes, Sait Ashina
Materialtyp: Artigo
Språk:Inglês
Utgiven: MDPI AG 2026-01-01
Serie:Toxins
Ämnen:
allodynia
central sensitization
BoNT-A
botulinum toxin therapy
temporomandibular disorders
TMD
Länkar:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/18/1/28
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