TGF-β signaling in heterotopic ossification: the pathogenesis and the target for its treatment

Abstract Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a complex and multifactorial pathological process characterized by abnormal bone production in areas outside the skeletal system (e.g., inside muscles, periarticular joints, ligaments, and tendons). This pathology is mainly classified as traumatic and heredi...

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Detalhes bibliográficos

Principais autores:	Ziqiang Huang, Zhenhong He, Zhengrong Xiong, Rong Luo, Yujian Lan, Dingsu Bao
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	BMC 2025-12-01
coleção:	Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Assuntos:	Heterotopic ossification TGF-β Molecular mechanism Therapeutic measures
Acesso em linha:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06542-0
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