The efficacy of a novel CO2 topical vapocoolant spray for reducing needle-related pain in dogs
IntroductionEffective pain management is essential in veterinary needle-related procedures. Traditional methods, including infiltrative, cream, and spray formulations, have limitations such as delayed onset, inconsistent temperature control, and skin damage. This study evaluated the efficacy of a no...
Furkejuvvon:
| Váldodahkkit: | , |
|---|---|
| Materiálatiipa: | Artigo |
| Giella: | Inglês |
| Almmustuhtton: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2026-03-01
|
| Ráidu: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Fáttát: | |
| Liŋkkat: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1754998/full |
| Fáddágilkorat: |
Eai fáddágilkorat, Lasit vuosttaš fáddágilkora!
|