Nonlinear 2-DOF PID controller optimized by artificial lemming algorithm for robust engine speed regulation in spark-ignition systems
Abstract Achieving precise and stable engine speed regulation in spark-ignition (SI) systems remains a challenging task because of the inherent nonlinearities, time-varying characteristics, and external disturbances of internal combustion engines (ICEs). Conventional proportional–integral–derivative...
Gorde:
| Egile Nagusiak: | , , , , , |
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| Formatua: | Artigo |
| Hizkuntza: | Inglês |
| Argitaratua: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-11-01
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| Saila: | Scientific Reports |
| Gaiak: | |
| Sarrera elektronikoa: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27873-2 |
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