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Exposure to Black Carbon (BC) and the Secondary Aerosol (<i>p</i>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and <i>p</i>-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) Components of Fine Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), and Cardiopulmonary Morbidity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

This study assessed the morbidity risk for respiratory (RDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from the exposure to black carbon (BC), <i>p</i>-SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and <i>p</i>-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> measured in PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected from Jeddah. The 24 h PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling...

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Sparad:
Huvudupphov: Shedrack R. Nayebare, Omar S. Aburizaiza, Azhar Siddique, David O. Carpenter, Hussain M. Mirza, Jahan Zeb, Abdullah J. Aburiziza, Haider A. Khwaja
Materialtyp: Artigo
Språk:Inglês
Utgiven: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Serie:Atmosphere
Ämnen:
cardiopulmonary morbidity
PM<sub>2.5</sub>
Jeddah
Saudi Arabia
Länkar:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/2/168
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