Industry–University–Research Collaboration, Knowledge Acquisition, and Firm Total Factor Productivity: Evidence on Internal and External Contingencies from China

Whether industry–university–research (IUR) collaboration improves firm-level productivity, and under what conditions, remains insufficiently understood. Existing studies often examine the effects of IUR collaboration in isolation, overlooking the fact that productivity outcomes emerge from the inter...

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Egile Nagusiak:	Meijiao Sun, Cheng Pan, Renyan Mu
Formatua:	Artigo
Hizkuntza:	Inglês
Argitaratua:	MDPI AG 2026-05-01
Saila:	Systems
Gaiak:	industry–university–research collaboration knowledge acquisition total factor productivity absorptive capacity environmental dynamism innovation subsidy
Sarrera elektronikoa:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/14/5/534
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