The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the treatment of upper and lower extremity non-union compared to surgical intervention (PiNGUin): study protocol for a national, prospective, randomized controlled, open-label, multicenter, non-inferiority study

Abstract Background Non-unions, defined as fractures not healed after at least 6 months, are a multifactorial complication occurring in 2–10% of all fractures and in up to 30% of patients with certain risk factors. Treatment costs are markedly higher than those associated with normal fracture healin...

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Ngā kaituhi matua:	Eva Simone Steinhausen, Andreas Stang, Anika Hüsing, Eva-Maria Huessler, Marcus Brinkmann, Bernadette Schröder, Verena Schröder, Hannah Hohberg-Piel, Marcel Dudda
Hōputu:	Artigo
Reo:	Inglês
I whakaputaina:	BMC 2025-10-01
Rangatū:	Trials
Ngā marau:	Non-union Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) Medical device Fracture healing Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Non-inferiority study
Urunga tuihono:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-09212-y
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