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Relationship between tobacco smoking and metabolic syndrome: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract Background Numerous epidemiologic observational studies have demonstrated that smokers have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular-related diseases. However, less is known about the causal relationship between tobacco smoking and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to determine...

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Váldodahkkit: Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Shing-Yu Yang, Tsai-Chung Li
Materiálatiipa: Artigo
Giella:Inglês
Almmustuhtton: BMC 2025-03-01
Ráidu:BMC Endocrine Disorders
Fáttát:
Liŋkkat:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01910-7
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