Relationship between tobacco smoking and metabolic syndrome: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract Background Numerous epidemiologic observational studies have demonstrated that smokers have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular-related diseases. However, less is known about the causal relationship between tobacco smoking and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to determine...

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Detalhes bibliográficos

Principais autores:	Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Shing-Yu Yang, Tsai-Chung Li
Formato:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicado em:	BMC 2025-03-01
coleção:	BMC Endocrine Disorders
Assuntos:	Metabolic syndrome Mendelian randomization Smoking Single nucleotide polymorphism
Acesso em linha:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01910-7
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