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Retrieval of Sunrise C-Region Electron Density Using Mid-Range VLF Amplitude and FDTD-Based Optimization

This study presents a method to retrieve the electron density structure of the transient C-region using very-low-frequency (VLF) Earth–ionosphere waveguide propagation. Here, we demonstrate the identification of the C-region from amplitude variations of a mid-range VLF propagation path that is nearl...

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I tiakina i:
Ngā taipitopito rārangi puna kōrero
Ngā kaituhi matua: Taira Shirasaki, Yuki Itabashi, Yoshiaki Ando
Hōputu: Artigo
Reo:Inglês
I whakaputaina: MDPI AG 2026-03-01
Rangatū:Atmosphere
Ngā marau:
Urunga tuihono:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/17/4/350
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