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Thyroid Eye Disease: Current Perspectives in Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Management

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also referred to as Graves’ orbitopathy or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit that most often accompanies hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. This review summarises current understanding of its immunopathogenesis, inc...

Whakaahuatanga katoa

I tiakina i:
Ngā taipitopito rārangi puna kōrero
Ngā kaituhi matua: Pratheeba Devi Nivean, Ruwa Jehza Nazar, Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh, Nivean Madhivanan
Hōputu: Artigo
Reo:Inglês
I whakaputaina: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2026-04-01
Rangatū:TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research
Ngā marau:
Urunga tuihono:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_128_25
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