Probiotic–Vaccine Synergy in Fish Aquaculture: Exploring Microbiome-Immune Interactions for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy

The rapid expansion of aquaculture is vital for global food security, yet it faces persistent threats from disease outbreaks, vaccine inefficacy, and antibiotic overuse, all of which undermine sustainability. Conventional vaccines often fail to induce robust mucosal immunity, spurring interest in pr...

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Autors principals:	Muhammad Tayyab, Waqar Islam, Waqas Waqas, Yueling Zhang
Format:	Artigo
Idioma:	Inglês
Publicat:	MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Col·lecció:	Biology
Matèries:	probiotics vaccines aquaculture mucosal immunity microbiome modulation synbiotics
Accés en línia:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/629
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